版权包括哪些内容?

Any original content in any tangible format. 这包括:

• literary, 音乐的, and 戏剧性的 works
• 哑剧 以及编舞作品
• pictorial, 图形, 或者雕塑作品
• 录音
• motion pictures and other AV works
• 计算机程序
• 建筑作品
• 汇编和衍生作品

Material on the web also has copyright protection, including images, music and videos. Even the created works from instructors, staff and students are covered by copyright. Copyright occurs automatically with the creation of a new work, so formal procedures (such as registration or publication) are not required.

的 owner of copyright has the exclusive rights to do and to authorize any of the following:

1. to reproduce the copyrighted work in copies or phono records;
2. to prepare derivative works based on the copyrighted work;
3. to distribute copies or phono records of the copyrighted work to the public by sale or other transfer of ownership, 或按租金, 租赁, 或贷款;
4. 就文学而言, 音乐的, 戏剧性的, 以及编舞作品, 哑剧, and motion pictures and other audiovisual works, to perform the copyrighted work publicly; and
5. 就文学而言, 音乐的, 戏剧性的, 以及编舞作品, 哑剧, 和图片, 图形, 或者雕塑作品, including the individual images of a motion picture or other audiovisual work, to display the copyrighted work publicly.

版权的例外

公共领域
Copyright lasts a limited number of years. 一旦过期, the work is considered to be in the public domain and can be freely used and altered. 目前, copyright lasts 70 years after the death of an author, except for works produced by a company/employer, in which case the copyright lasts 90 years after date of publication or 120 years from creation. Publications by the United States Government are also in the public domain. Works can also be placed on public domain through a 知识共享 license.

For more information about public domain or 知识共享:

• 公共领域滑块工具 帮助确定版权状态.
• 知识共享’ 使命是发展, 支持, and steward legal and technical infrastructure to maximizes digital creativity, 分享, 和创新.
• Open Access from Scholarly Publishing & Academic 博彩平台 Coalition (SPARC) provides links and resources for those interested in pursuing or advocating open access publication.

合理使用
定义为 第107节 美国的.S. 版权法案, 合理使用 is a defense against charges of copyright infringement determined through the analysis and application of the four 合理使用 factors:

1. 的 purpose and character of the use, including whether such use is of a commercial nature or is for nonprofit educational purposes.
2. 的 nature of the copyrighted work.
3. 的 amount and substantiality of the portion used in relation to the copyrighted work as a whole
4. 的 effect of the use upon the potential market for or value of the copyrighted work

检查表

Examples of applying the 合理使用清单 to various scenarios involving potential copyright infringement can be viewed on our 视频教程页面. 

获得许可

的 大学图书馆 subscribes to a vast amount of content that is available to authorized users through licensed databases. 在寻求许可之前, search the library catalog or consult a librarian to see whether material is available.

Here is a step-by-step guide to aid you in determining if permission is needed and what to do to obtain permission:

1. 确定是否需要权限
   Is the material you want to use protected under copyright law? 的 公共领域滑块工具 能帮你确定吗.
2. Determine if you are within 合理使用
   Materials can be used without permission if within the boundaries of 合理使用.
3. 洛约拉 University Copyright Clearance Service
   In order to assist instructors in obtaining this permission, 洛约拉 University’s Printing Services has implemented a procedure by which permission may be sought and course packs prepared. All faculty and staff must follow these procedures in order to provide protection to the University from civil and criminal penalties. You can begin this process by completing the Copyright Permission form online.

• 版权许可表格
• 课程包预订表格

 For more information about obtaining permission, or to search for permissions, visit the Copyright Clearance Center's website.

4. You may need to use alternative material if:
   • 的 copyright own is unresponsive or cannot be located
   • You are unwilling to pay a license fee

To learn more about obtaining permission through 洛约拉 University, p租赁 visit the “打印服务”页面.

美国版权局

的 U.S. 版权办公室 serves the copyright community of creators and users, as well as the general public. Here you will find key publications, application forms for copyright registration, 链接到版权法, links to other copyright-related organizations, online copyright records cataloged since 1978; news of what the Office is doing, 国会证词, 还有更多.